Limited backyard space is a common challenge for many homeowners. With a small yard, it can be difficult to fit in all the features you may want, like a patio, play area, garden beds, and more. This leads to backyards feeling cramped and cluttered.
Retaining walls offer an excellent solution to maximize limited backyard space. Retaining walls are sturdy structures used to hold back soil and create visible "steps" or terraces in your yard. This allows you to sculpt the landscape and create more functional zones within a small footprint. For example, you could build a retaining wall to add a raised patio area, plant beds, or extra play space in the same amount of square footage. With smart design, retaining walls transform restrictive backyards into ultra-functional outdoor living areas.
In this guide, we'll walk through how to use retaining walls to open up limited backyard space. We'll cover planning, materials, shapes, adding stairs and seats, drainage considerations, installation, decorating tips, and more. With some thoughtful planning and elbow grease, you can gain a spacious, beautiful backyard that makes the most of every centimeter.
A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil or other material retained by it.
The primary purpose of a retaining wall is to hold back or retain soil, rock, or other material behind it and prevent it from sliding or eroding. Retaining walls serve several functions:
Retaining walls are typically made from materials like:
The material used depends on the application, load requirements, lifespan desired, and aesthetic preferences. Concrete retaining walls are extremely strong, durable and low maintenance. Natural stone and bricks provide an attractive, traditional look. Timber can work well for low-medium height walls but requires maintenance. Metal retaining walls are lightweight but can be more expensive.
The design, size and reinforcement of the retaining wall depends on the material, the weight and pressure of the soil, and the total height and length of the wall. Proper engineering is crucial to ensure structural integrity and stability.
The first step in maximizing your limited backyard space is to take measurements and assess what you're working with. This will allow you to identify any slopes, levels, drainage issues, or other problem areas that can be improved with retaining walls.
Start by measuring the overall dimensions of your yard - length, width, and total square footage. Then take measurements of any existing hardscaping like patios, walkways, and decks. Be sure to account for stairs, pathways, gardens, and any other features taking up space.
Pay close attention to any slopes or elevation changes in your yard. Use a level tool to identify the degree of incline. Mark the high and low points and measure the total rise or drop in elevation. Having a visual sense of the slope will help plan where retaining walls can be used to create flatter usable space.
Also make note of drainage problem areas, low spots where water collects after rain, or areas where soil erosion occurs. Retaining walls can route and control water flow to prevent these issues.
Sketch out a basic layout of your yard with the key measurements and slope markings. This bird's-eye view will serve as your planning map for building retaining wall levels.
Taking time to assess the nooks, slopes, and problem spots in your current backyard is an important first step to maximizing the space. With a layout map in hand, you can strategically plan where to add retaining walls to open up usable square footage.
When planning your backyard design, think about dividing the space into different zones or areas based on usage. Here are some typical backyard zones to consider:
The entertainment zone is an area to gather with family and friends. This could include a patio, deck, or pergola outfitted with outdoor furniture, a fire pit or fireplace, a barbecue grill, and other amenities. Position this zone near the backdoor for convenience.
Designate a play zone for kids or pets to safely run around and burn energy. Install play equipment like swings, a playhouse, a sandbox, or a climbing structure. Make sure to allow enough open space for games and activities.
Create a garden zone for growing flowers, herbs, vegetables or fruit trees. Gardens add color, texture, scents, and edible ingredients to your backyard. Site the garden in a sunny spot and include compost bins, sheds, raised beds, or other gardening features.
Have a quiet spot to retreat to alone or with a book. This might include a paved area with comfy chairs, hammocks, or swings. Use screens, trees or shrubs to block views and create a sense of privacy and peace. Position away from noisy zones.
An al fresco dining area lets you enjoy backyard meals. Set up a weather-resistant table and chairs on a flat surface. Locate near the entertainment zone for easy service. Consider adding decorative strings lights, lamps, or candles to create ambiance after dark.
When laying out zones, think about traffic flow between areas and how people will circulate. Align borders and transitions to promote movement. Maximize limited space by allowing zones to overlap as needed.
When choosing materials for a retaining wall, there are several options to consider including wood, concrete, stone, and gabion baskets. Each material has pros and cons to weigh when deciding what will work best for your backyard vision and budget.
Wood
Wood retaining walls provide a natural, rustic look that can blend into landscaped surroundings. Cedar is a rot-resistant wood that makes good retaining wall materials.
Pros: Wood is relatively affordable and easy to work with. It's a lighter material that doesn't require heavy equipment for installation. Wood walls can be designed in curving shapes.
Cons: Wood is susceptible to rotting and insect damage. It requires regular maintenance like sealing or staining. Wood retaining walls don't last as long as stone or concrete.
Concrete
Concrete makes a strong, durable retaining wall that can be molded into shapes during installation. The material is versatile and available in various textures and colors.
Pros: Concrete stands up well to the elements and has a long lifespan. Textured concrete provides a natural stone look. Concrete is a good structural support material.
Cons: Concrete is more expensive and requires professional installation. The molds create a uniform look lacking in natural variation. It can crack over time and require repairs.
Stone
Natural stone like granite provides an attractive, classic retaining wall look. Irregular stones can create a mosaic, mosaic effect.
Pros: Natural stone is extremely durable, lasting for decades. Granite and other stones have unique color variations for visual interest. Loosely stacked stones allow planting in gaps.
Cons: Quarried stone is very expensive. Stone installation requires heavy equipment and expertise. Irregular stones make a less uniform appearance.
Gabion Baskets
Gabion baskets filled with stones provide a unique, rustic aesthetic for retaining walls. The wired baskets are flexible and drain well.
Pros: Gabions are permeable for drainage and can curve to landscape contours. They create a natural effect with loose stone fill. Gabions don't need a concrete foundation.
Cons: Gabions are more labor intensive to construct. The baskets are not as structural as solid retaining walls. The wire will eventually corrode and require replacing.
Consider longevity, cost, and aesthetics when weighing these options. Consult with a landscaping professional to determine the best materials for the height and contours of your retaining wall project. Think about ongoing maintenance requirements as well. With thoughtful planning, you can create a retaining wall that maximizes backyard space with style.
The shape of your retaining wall can dramatically transform the look and functionality of your backyard. Consider the natural contours and layout of your yard, and how different wall shapes can enhance certain zones or divide spaces. Some popular options include:
A straight retaining wall is the simplest option. It works well for creating a flat yard space on a slope or supporting raised garden beds. Make sure to position it thoughtfully to open up usable flat ground rather than closing things off.
Curved and serpentine walls add visual interest and can soften harsh angles. A curved wall around a patio or seating area creates an embracing shape and intimate feel. The curve can even increase garden space on the slope above.
For yards with multiple elevation changes, consider a terraced retaining wall design. This uses stacked walls to create planted areas between flat zones. It maximizes both living and recreation space through smart vertical divisions.
Tiered walls work nicely in narrow gardens, essentially creating garden boxes that step down the slope. Each tier can have its microclimate and plantings. Tiers also provide additional seating within the wall. Think stadium seating in your backyard!
Take time to map out ideas with spray paint or garden hose on the actual ground. This allows you to visualize shapes and align the wall design seamlessly with your yard's unique contours and features. Get creative with the shapes to amplify both beauty and functionality.
Retaining walls allow you to create multi-level spaces while also providing opportunities to integrate functional and decorative features. Consider adding stairs, planter boxes, and built-in seating to enhance the usability and visual appeal of your backyard.
Stairs are essential for navigating between the different levels in your yard. Position sturdy steps in convenient locations for easy access up and down the retaining walls. Ensure the stair treads are deep and wide enough for safe use. Add railings for additional support if the stairs are tall.
Planter boxes built into the retaining wall bring greenery within arms reach. Choose flowers, herbs, or vegetables to plant in the built-in garden beds based on the sunlight exposure. Use decorative planter boxes to accent the wall design. Include integrated irrigation or ensure the planters are within reach of a hose.
Built-in benches and seating nooks tucked into the retaining wall provide a place to relax and enjoy the yard. Line benches with cushioned pads or waterproof cushions for comfort. Position benches to take advantage of shade or views. Add side tables for holding drinks and snacks while lounging in the multi-level backyard retreat.
With some thoughtful planning and design, integrating stairs, planters, and seating into the retaining wall allows you to maximize both form and function in your backyard. These features enhance the usability of the space for recreation, gardening, and entertainment.
Proper drainage is crucial for retaining walls to prevent buildup and structural damage over time. Here are some tips for incorporating drainage into your retaining wall design:
Slope the ground behind the wall back and away from the wall at a minimum gradient of 5% or more. This allows the water to run off away from the wall and not pool.
If using geogrid reinforcement, make sure it does not block weep holes or prevent drainage through the backfill gravel.
Optionally, install a perforated drainage pipe behind the base of the wall to direct water away. Drainage pipes connected to weep holes are useful for longer walls or very wet environments.
For wooden retaining walls, incorporate gravel backfill and drilling weep holes at the base as well. Treated lumber is recommended for durability.
Proper drainage considered during design and construction is crucial for retaining walls to function properly long-term without becoming damaged from the pressure of built-up water behind them. Incorporate gravel backfill, weep holes, sloping, and optional drainage pipes.
Before starting construction on your retaining wall, you'll need to prepare the installation site. Proper site preparation is crucial for ensuring a stable wall that will stand the test of time. Here are the key steps:
Level the ground - The ground where your wall will be built needs to be as flat and level as possible. Use a shovel, rake, and leveling tools to remove any humps or depressions. Address any severe slope issues before building.
Clear away debris - Remove any large rocks, roots, sticks, and other debris from the installation area. These can prevent proper compaction or lead to future sinking issues if left in place under the wall.
Mark the layout - Use spray paint or stakes to mark the layout of your wall design on the ground. Refer to your plan to determine the footprint. This will help guide the build.
Call underground utilities - If there are any underground electrical, gas, water or sewer lines in the dig area, call the relevant authorities before excavating to get them properly marked. Avoid puncturing these lines during the build.
Proper site prep provides a solid, stable foundation for an enduring retaining wall that withstands the elements. Don't rush this important first step when installing your new backyard wall.
Carefully follow the design plans and material specifications when building the retaining wall. Proper installation is crucial for structural integrity and longevity.
Be sure to use the recommended construction adhesive between any layered blocks or stones. Check that each row is level across the entire expanse. Use a tamper to compact the fill dirt behind each tier as you go up. This is key for stability.
Backfilling correctly behind the wall is critical. Fill up to 15 cm behind the wall with free-draining gravel or crushed rock. Pack down firmly. Then place your regular fill dirt on top. The gravel layer provides drainage to prevent water pressure buildup behind the wall.
Install weep holes at about 1 meter intervals at the base of the wall. These openings let moisture drain out from behind. Protect weep holes with landscape fabric to prevent clogging.
Building a safe, secure retaining wall takes patience and care. Follow all specifications and allow time for proper curing of any adhesive or backfill. The result will be a long-lasting, functional backyard focal point.
After your retaining wall is built, it's time to decorate and landscape to complete your backyard oasis. Here are some ideas for finishing touches:
Cover any exposed dirt areas with 5-7.5 centimeters of mulch. Mulch helps retain moisture, prevents weeds, and gives a polished look. Opt for natural mulches like wood chips, pine needles, bark, or dark colored rocks.
Personalize with garden art, sculptures, decorative pots, wind chimes, and other accents that reflect your Kiwi style. Paint or stencil designs onto the retaining wall to make it a backdrop. Hang wall art, mirrors, or create a living wall of New Zealand native plants.
With strategic plants, mulch, lighting, and art, you can fully leverage your retaining wall to create an inviting backyard oasis even in a small space. Get creative and have fun decorating, bringing the magic of Aotearoa into your backyard!
Retaining walls are an exceptional solution to enhance limited backyard spaces, adding functionality, and creating remarkable nooks even in the smallest yards. In this guide, we've shed light on the versatility of retaining walls and how they can help optimise backyard spaces of any shape and size here in New Zealand.
Don't settle for a plain, limited backyard. With the correct retaining wall system designed and installed by the professional team at Real Landscaping, you can transform even the most compact land plot into a beautiful, purposeful oasis. Our experts sculpt your landscape with retaining walls that not only add aesthetic appeal but also value to your property.
We provide durable retaining walls that Kiwis rely on, guaranteeing safety, longevity, and effectiveness. Our experts possess the necessary expertise and skill for the correct installation of these landscaping elements, and they ensure your new wall complements and enhances your overall landscape design.
Reach out to us today to discover how retaining walls can help you maximise your outdoor living space. Remember, the only limit is your imagination! With our professional help at Real Landscaping, let's unlock your garden's potential and transform your landscape dream into reality.